Let G be a  nite group and C(G) be a family of representative conjugacy classes of subgroups of G. The matrix whose H; K-entry is the number of  xed points of the set G=K under the action of H is called the table of marks of G, where H; K run through all elements in C(G). In this paper, we compute the table of marks and the markaracter table of groups of order pqr, where p, q, r are prime numbers.

Sectional distinctiveness is a requirement for trademark protection. However, all legal systems in determining the distinction of a part of the way to support distinguishing marks, and also the effect of the minimum descriptiveness of the mark, in a way that does not harm the distinctiveness of the trademark, They have not adopted a common approach, so that by delving into the judicial procedure and doctrine of different countries, It is possible to separate the symptoms into weak and strong according to their degree of differentiation, and accordingly different legal protection of trademarks, depending on which of the above categories it is mentioned. The decision of the Federal Court of Switzerland in 2000 and the Benelux Court of Justice, which was later repeatedly upheld by the courts, Doctrine and Administration of Internal Market Harmonization of the European Union is included, It has not had any effect on the jurisprudence of Iran's courts, even if indirectly, And the trace of this separation is evident in the recent decisions of the appeals courts in the field of trademarks.

Background: In resent years, crime rate has been increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the computer assisted hand tracing overlay method for bite mark analysis.Methods: Impressions of both, maxillary as well as mandibular arches of 50 consenting volunteers were taken and dentition casts were prepared. Tracing by hand was manually done, and computer assisted overlay comparison was carried out.Results: Out of 2500 cross matches, expected result should have been 50 true positives and 2450 true negatives. In our study there were 38 true positive, 2406 true negatives, 44 false positive and 12 false negative matches in maxillary comparison, 44 true positive, 2424 true negatives, 26 false positive and 6 false negative matches in mandibular comparison and 31 true positive, 2446 true negatives, 4 false positive and 19 false negative matches when complete dentition (maxillary and mandibular) comparison was done. Hence this method showed significantly high false positive and true negative cases.Conclusion: We conclude that this computer assisted hand tracing overlay method for bite mark analysis helps in arriving at an exclusion rather than inclusion type of identification, owing to its high true negative cases.

Distinctiveness which is one of the positive substantive conditions of trademarks appears in both intrinsic and acquired ways. Trademarks are divided into five categories in terms of differentiation. Generic marks, suggestive marks, arbitrary marks, fanciful marks and descriptive marks. Generic marks are not protected by US courts. However, according to Article 7(3) of the European Union Trademarks Law, generic marks can be protected as well as descriptive marks, if the secondary meaning is proven. Suggestive, arbitrary and fanciful marks are also inherently distinctive and are protected upon first market entry. Descriptive marks cannot be registered and supported by themselves, and for support, they will need to acquire distinctiveness (secondary meaning) . . . .

Objective: Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that plays a critical role in normal development of embryo. Using exogenous hormones during assisted reproductive technology (ART) can change an organism hormonal profile and subsequently affect epigenetic events. Ovarian stimulation changes gene expression and epigenetic pattern of imprinted genes in the organs of mouse fetus. Materials and Methods: For this experimental study, expression of three imprinted genes H19, Igf2 (Insulin-like growth factor 2) and Cdkn1c (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C), which have important roles in development of placenta and embryo, and the epigenetic profile of their regulatory region in some tissues of 19-days-old female fetuses, from female mice subjected to ovarian stimulation, were evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) methods. Results: H19 gene was significantly lower in heart (P<0. 05), liver (P<0. 05), lung (P<0. 01), placenta (P<0. 01) and ovary (P<0. 01). It was significantly higher in kidney of ovarian stimulation group compared to control fetuses (P<0. 05). Igf2 expression was significantly higher in brain (P<0. 05) and kidney (P<0. 05), while it was significantly lower in lung of experimental group fetuses in comparison with control fetuses (P<0. 05). Cdkn1c expression was significantly higher in lung (P<0. 05). It was significantly decreased in placenta of experimental group fetuses rather than the control fetuses (P<0. 05). Histone modification data and DNA methylation data were in accordance to the gene expression profiles. Conclusion: Results showed altered gene expressions in line with changes in epigenetic pattern of their promoters in the ovarian stimulation group, compared to normal cycle.

Translation is the process of conveying source text message into the target language. In this process, in most cases, source text's punctuation marks are either ignored or applied improperly in the target text. Generally, the most common function of punctuation marks which is the maintenance of cohesion and coherence is conveyed to the target text, while many other functions can be defined for punctuation marks in different text-types. Theorists such as Newmark (1988), Nord (1991), and Reiss (1977/89) put emphasis on considering the punctuation marks in the process of text analysis as well as in different text types and deem it necessary for translators to convey them to the target text. This research aims at investigating how translators deal with punctuation marks and also to identify the effects of the applied strategies on target texts.

The term of certification mark does not exist in the Iranian law, but the bill of protection of industrial property has considered its protection. The role of certification mark is certifying a certain attribute in a goods or service. The attribute can be quality, material, origin or other character. This mark has different types such as compulsory/voluntary, national/regional/international and for goods/for service. Certification mark is a different concept compared to collective mark, geographical indication and ordinary trademark. The most important differences are: The role of these marks, The prohibition principle that prohibits the owner of a certification mark to use his mark and the freedom of use principle which allows qualified persons to use the mark.

Patent rights and Trade Marks are potentially substantial assets to invest in various fields of developing industries. Article 1(d) Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Act ratified by Iranian parliament in 2002 refer to those rights that could be the subject of foreign investment agreements in Iran. The question is that if there was an international factor in a security contract of a patent right, what conflict of law rule within the framework of well-known methods could achieve a definitive and, predictable solution. It seems that if there is not neither a mutual agreement nor the most closely connecting factor financially is other than the one referred to the Article 968 of Iranian Civil Code, merely recourse to the legal methods to resolve conflict of laws could be problematic. As a governing law on security interests in patent rights, this article attempts to propose a method of the conflict of law rule corresponded to fundamental features of intellectual property rights by referring to the classical rules of conflict of laws, fundamental economic features of security interests in intellectual property rights and recent international approaches, particularly, the UNCITRAL legislative guide of secured transactions.